TIT BITS:
1. The
Supreme Court emphasized that reservations cannot be granted solely based on
religion, addressing West Bengal’s classification of 77 predominantly Muslim
communities as OBCs. The state argued the decision was data-driven, but the
Calcutta HC invalidated it due to procedural lapses, including bypassing the
Backward Classes Commission. The case raises constitutional questions on
religion-based quotas, with the SC stressing the need for quantifiable data and
adherence to statutory processes. It highlights the evolving jurisprudence on
reservations and the importance of balancing social justice with constitutional
principles.
2. The
Merchant Shipping Bill, 2024, and Coastal Shipping Bill, 2024 aim to modernize
India's maritime framework by easing vessel registration, expanding vessel
definitions, and aligning with global conventions. They address gaps in
outdated laws, enhance safety, promote sustainable practices, and improve
seafarer welfare. These reforms are set to attract investment and unlock
India's maritime potential.
3. Moths,
comprising about 160,000 species, are insects of the Lepidoptera order, mostly
nocturnal but also crepuscular and diurnal. Their larvae, or caterpillars, are
vital in ecosystems but can also be agricultural pests, such as corn borers and
bollworms. Recent studies reveal moths can hear plant sounds and use them to
select egg-laying sites. They face predation from birds, bats, and parasites
like Ichneumonidae.
4. Human
Rights Day, observed on December 10, commemorates the adoption of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948, emphasizing dignity, justice, and
equality. This year’s theme, "Our Rights, Our Future, Right Now,"
calls for global action to address challenges like climate change and conflict
while promoting the ethos of ‘Vasudhaiv Kutumbakam.’ The NHRC, India,
reaffirms its commitment to safeguarding human rights, reflecting the spirit of
the Constitution and UDHR.