SATYENDRA
NATH BOSE – SCI & TECH
News:
Hundred years ago, Satyendra Nath Bose
changed physics forever
What's in the news?
●
An article in The Hindu about Satyendra
Nath Bose.
About
Satyendra Nath Bose:
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Satyendra Nath Bose was born on January 1,
1894 in Calcutta.
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His father Surendranath Bose was employed
in the Engineering Department of the East India Railway.
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Satyendra Nath Bose is known for his work
in Quantum Physics.
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He is famous for “Bose-Einstein Theory” and a kind of particle in atom has been
named after his name as Boson.
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Satyendra Nath Bose had his schooling from
Hindu High School in Calcutta.
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He passed the ISc in 1911 from the
Presidency College, Calcutta securing the first position.
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Satyendra Nath Bose did his BSc in
Mathematics from the Presidency College in 1913 and MSc in Mixed Mathematics in
1915 from the same college.
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In 1916, Calcutta University started M.Sc.
classes in Modern Mathematics and Modern Physics. S.N. Bose started his career
in 1916 as a Lecturer in Physics in Calcutta University from 1916 to 1921.
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He joined the newly established Dhaka
University in 1921 as a Reader in the Department of Physics.
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In 1924, Satyendra Nath Bose published an
article titled Max Planck’s Law and Light Quantum Hypothesis.
○
This article was sent to Albert Einstein.
Einstein appreciated it so much that he himself translated it into German and
sent it for publication to a famous periodical in Germany – ‘Zeitschrift fur Physik’.
○
The hypothesis received a great and was
highly appreciated by the scientists. It became famous to scientists as
‘Bose-Einstein Theory’.
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In 1926, Satyendra Nath Bose became a
Professor of Physics in Dhaka University.
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Though he had not completed his doctorate
till then, he was appointed as professor on Einstein’s recommendation.
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In 1929 Satyendra Nath Bose was elected chairman of the Physics of the Indian
Science Congress and in 1944 elected full chairman of the Congress.
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In 1945, he was appointed as Khaira
Professor of Physics in Calcutta University. He retired from Calcutta
University in 1956.
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The University honoured him on his
retirement by appointing him as Emeritus Professor.
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Later he became the Vice Chancellor of the
Viswabharati University.
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In 1958, he was made a Fellow of the Royal
Society, London.
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Satyendra Nath Bose was honoured with ‘Padmabhusan’ by the Indian Government
in recognition of his outstanding achievement.
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He died in Kolkata on February 4, 1974.
Go
back to basics:
Bose-Einstein
condensate:
●
A Bose-Einstein Condensate is so named
because its existence was posited almost a century ago by Albert Einstein and
Indian mathematician Satyendra Nath Bose.
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This exotic material only exists when atoms of certain elements are cooled to temperatures
near absolute zero.
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At that point, clusters of atoms begin
functioning as a single quantum object
with both wave and particle properties.
When
was it first created?
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BEC was created by scientists in 1995.
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Using a combination of lasers and magnets, scientists cooled a
sample of rubidium to within a few
degrees of absolute zero.
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At this extremely low temperature,
molecular motion comes very close to stopping.
●
Since there is almost no kinetic energy
being transferred from one atom to another, the atoms begin to clump together. There
are no longer thousands of separate atoms, just one “super atom.”
Significance:
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A BEC is used to study quantum mechanics on a macroscopic level. Light appears to
slow down as it passes through a BEC, allowing scientists to study the
particle/wave paradox.
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A BEC also has many of the properties of a superfluid, or a fluid
that flows without friction.
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BECs are also used to simulate conditions
that might exist in black holes.