INDIA –MEDITERRANEAN RELATIONS: INTERNATIONAL RELATION

INDIA –MEDITERRANEAN RELATIONS: INTERNATIONAL RELATION

NEWS: Stronger India-Mediterranean relations serve both

WHAT’S IN THE NEWS?

India and the Mediterranean region share historical, cultural, and trade ties, with cooperation in sectors like energy, defense, and connectivity through initiatives like the India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC). Key challenges include regional conflicts, energy security, and ensuring geopolitical stability.

India-Mediterranean Relations

About the Mediterranean Region

·         Geographical Coverage:

·         Southern Europe: Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Malta, and Cyprus.

·         North Africa: Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco.

·         West Asia: Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Palestine.

·         Historical Significance:

·         A historic hub of global commerce, culture, and politics.

·         Played a crucial role in connecting civilizations across continents.


Historical Ties Between India and the Mediterranean Region

·         Trade and Commerce:

  • Ancient trade with the Roman Empire and Greece through Muziris (modern-day Kerala).
  • Exchange of spices, exotic animals, and gold.

·         Cultural Exchange:

  • Influences on art, literature, and architecture in both regions.

 

Strategic and Geopolitical Importance

·         Geopolitical Connectivity:

·         Acts as a bridge connecting Asia, Africa, and Europe.

·         Crucial for India’s Indo-Pacific policy to ensure a free and inclusive Indo-Pacific region.

·         Participation in Multilateral Groupings:

·         Active role in I2U2 (India, Israel, UAE, US) focusing on economic and security cooperation.

·         Bilateral partnerships, including India-Italy defense ties emphasizing maritime awareness and defense production.

 

Economic and Trade Relations

·         Bilateral Trade:

·         Trade volume of approximately USD 80 billion annually.

·         Key sectors: fertilizers, energy, water technology, diamonds, defense, and cyber capabilities.

·         Indian Investments:

·         Significant involvement in infrastructure projects, including airports, ports, railways, and renewable energy (e.g., green hydrogen).

 Connectivity Enhancements

·         India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC):

  • Announced in 2023 to enhance connectivity and integration among India, the Middle East, and Europe.
  • Participating countries: UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, and the EU.
  • Aims to boost economic cooperation and regional stability.

 

Cultural and Diaspora Links

·         Indian Diaspora:

  • Around 460,000 Indians reside in the Mediterranean region, with 40% in Italy.
  • Diaspora contributions in strengthening cultural ties and mutual understanding.

Key Concerns for India in the Mediterranean Region

Geopolitical Stability:

  • Persistent political instability and conflicts (e.g., Israel-Palestine, Syria, Libya).
  • Challenges for diplomatic efforts and IMEC implementation.

Energy Security:

  • Reliance on oil and gas imports from the region.
  • Need for stable energy supplies amidst regional volatility.
  • Development of renewable energy projects like green hydrogen.

Regional Conflicts and Security:

  • Threats from piracy, illicit maritime activities, and regional conflicts (e.g., Gaza, Lebanon).
  • Importance of freedom of navigation and maritime security.
  • India’s diplomatic stance:
  • Ceasefire in West Asia.
  • Support for a two-state solution in the Israel-Palestine conflict.
  • Balanced relations with both Israel and Iran.

 

Conclusion and Way Forward

  • India’s Multidimensional Role:
  • Economic, strategic, and cultural dimensions.
  • Addressing Key Challenges:
  • Geopolitical stability, economic integration, energy security, and infrastructure development.
  • Enhancing Engagement:

  • Leverage initiatives like IMEC.
  • Proactive diplomacy for stability and prosperity in the Mediterranean region.