HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT INDEX - REPORTS & INDICES
News:
India ranks 134th in
global human development index, says UNDP report
What's
in the news?
●
India has moved up a rank on the global
Human Development Index (HDI), according to the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) report ‘Breaking the gridlock: Reimagining cooperation in a
polarised world’.
Key
takeaways:
●
The report stated that while India ranked
135 in 2021, it had moved up to 134 in 2022.
●
A total of 193 countries were ranked in
2022 and 191 countries in 2021.
Key
Highlights of the India's Human Development Report 2023-24:
Theme
- “Breaking the Gridlock: Reimagining Cooperation in a Polarized World."
India’s
Ranking in HDI 2023-24:
●
India
ranked 135 in 2021. It had moved up to 134 in 2022.
●
India in the medium human development
category.
●
Between 1990 and 2022, the country saw its
HDI value increase by 48.4 percent, from 0.434 in 1990 to 644 in 2022.
India’s
Performance on Various Indicators:
●
India’s life expectancy at birth has
slightly improved from 67.2 years in 2021 to 67.7 years in 2022.
●
There is an overall increase (5.88%) in
expected years of schooling (EYS) from 11.9 years to 12.6 years, leading to an
improvement of 18 places.
●
Gross
National Income (GNI) per capita also improved from $6,542 to $6,951.
Performance
of India’s Neighbourhood:
●
Sri
Lanka has been ranked much ahead at 78, while China is ranked 75, both
categorised under the High Human Development category.
●
Bhutan stands at 125 and Bangladesh at
129th position.
●
Nepal (146) and Pakistan (164) have been
ranked lower than India.
India’s
Progress in Reducing Gender Inequality:
●
India has also shown progress in reducing
gender inequality and ranks 108 out of 166 countries in the Gender Inequality
Index (GII) 2022.
●
The GII measures gender inequalities in
three key dimensions – reproductive
health, empowerment, and labour market.
●
The country's GII value of 0.437 is better
than the global average of 0.462 and the South Asian average of 0.478.
●
India’s performance in reproductive health
is better than other countries in the medium human development group or South
Asia.
●
India's adolescent birth rate in 2022 was
16.3 (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19), an improvement from 17.1 in 2021.
●
However,
India also has one of the largest gender gaps in the labour force participation
rate - a 47.8 percentage point difference between women (28.3%) and men
(76.1%).
HDI
Report:
●
The HDI combines indicators of life
expectancy, education or access to knowledge and income or standard of living,
and captures the level and changes to the quality of life.
●
The first human development index was
published in 1990 with the goal to be a more comprehensive measure of human
development than purely economic measures launched by the Pakistani economist
Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen.
●
The report was released by the United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP).
Indicators:
1.
Life expectancy:
●
The health dimension is assessed by life expectancy at birth; the component
of the HDI is calculated using a minimum value of 20 years and a maximum value
of 85 years.
2.
Education:
●
The education component of the HDI is
measured by means of years of schooling
for adults aged 25 years and more and expected years of schooling for children
of school entering age.
●
Expected
years of schooling estimated are based on enrolment by age
at all levels of education. Expected years of schooling are capped at 18 years.
3.
Standard of living:
●
The standard of living dimension is
measured by gross national income per
capita.
Classification
of countries:
●
Very high human development (HDI 0.900 and
above)
●
High human development (HDI 0.800 – 0.899)
●
Medium human development (HDI 0.500 –
0.799)
●
Low human development (HDI below 0.500)
Gender
inequality Index:
●
The index measures inequality in
achievement between women and men in three dimensions such as
1.
Reproductive health
2.
Empowerment
3.
Labour market
●
It is released by UNDP.