HIGH ALTITUDE SICKNESS (AMS) : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

NEWS: The dangers of high-altitude sickness

WHAT’S IN THE NEWS?

How does high-altitude sickness occur? How will a mandatory registration system for tourists visiting the Himalayas improve measures to tackle the illness? How can the sickness be treated? What are some preventive measures one can take before embarking on scaling the Himalayas?

High-Altitude Sickness (AMS) in the Himalayan Regions:

Infrastructural Challenges:

Inadequate Healthcare Facilities:

  • Most Himalayan regions lack basic medical infrastructure to manage AMS cases effectively.
  • Specialized facilities like those in Leh are exceptions, not the norm.

Health Screening Deficiencies:

  • Absence of preventive health screenings for tourists before entering high-altitude areas.
  • Proposal for a screening system similar to the "Inner Line Permit" could help identify at-risk individuals early.

 

About High-Altitude Sickness (AMS):

Definition:

  • AMS occurs when the body fails to acclimatize to high altitudes, typically above 8,000 feet (2,400 meters).

Symptoms:

  • Initial symptoms include headache, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
  • Severe conditions like High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) and High-Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) are life-threatening if untreated.

Causes:

  • Reduced oxygen levels lead to hypoxia.
  • The body responds by increasing breathing and red blood cell production, straining the heart and lungs.

Policy Proposals:

Mandatory Tourist Registration:

  • Enforce a mandatory system to track tourist movements and provide data for AMS-related research.
  • Facilitates quicker emergency responses.

Healthcare Infrastructure Development:

  • Establish advanced medical and research centers specifically for AMS in Himalayan regions.
  • Train local healthcare workers in AMS treatment protocols.

Air Ambulance Services:

  • Deploy air ambulances to ensure rapid evacuation for severe AMS cases.

Awareness Campaigns:

  • Disseminate information about AMS prevention and symptoms at tourist check-in points and online.
  • Prevention and Treatment of AMS:

    Gradual Ascent:

    • Essential to give the body time to adjust to lower oxygen levels.

    Medications:

    • Drugs like Acetazolamide and Dexamethasone aid acclimatization and symptom relief.

    Immediate Descent:

    • Moving to lower altitudes is the most effective treatment for severe AMS, HAPE, or HACE.

    Supplemental Oxygen:

    • Can alleviate symptoms temporarily until further medical care is available.