GREAT NICOBAR PROJECT -
GOVERNANCE
News: What is in Great Nicobar, site
of NITI Aayog’s mega project? | Explained
What's in the news?
●
The opposition party has demanded the immediate
suspension of all clearances granted to NITI Aayog's Great Nicobar Island (GNI)
Project.
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It alleged violations of due process, legal and
constitutional provisions protecting tribal communities.
Great Nicobar Island
(GNI) Project:
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The GNI Project refers to the "Holistic Development of Great Nicobar Island" a
proposed mega project being piloted by NITI Aayog.
Implementing Agency:
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The project is to be implemented by the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands Integrated Development Corporation (ANIIDCO).
Backdrop:
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Development plans for a port in Great Nicobar date
back to the 1970s, aimed at leveraging its strategic location near the Malacca
Strait.
Aim:
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The project aims to develop the southern end of the Andaman and Nicobar group of
islands in the Bay of Bengal by constructing
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Transshipment port
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Dual-use military-civil international airport
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Power plant (450 MVA gas and solar-based)
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A township over a span of 30 years on more than 160
sq. km of land, of which 130 sq. km is primary forest.
Features of the Project:
1. Transshipment Hub of
the East:
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The proposed port will allow Great Nicobar to
participate in the regional and global maritime economy by becoming a major
player in cargo transshipment.
2. Naval Control:
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The port will be controlled by the Indian Navy,
while the airport will have dual
military-civilian functions and will cater to tourism as well.
3. Urban Amenities:
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Roads, public transport, water supply and waste
management facilities, and several hotels have been planned to cater to
tourists.
Significance of the
Project:
1. Economic
Significance:
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The proposed port would allow GNI to become a
significant player in cargo transhipment, as it is positioned equidistant from Colombo, Port Klang
(Malaysia), and Singapore.
2. Strategic
Significance:
●
The proposal to develop GNI has been on the table
since the 1970s, and it has been highlighted repeatedly as a crucial element
for national security and consolidation of the Indian Ocean Region.
●
In recent years, the escalating Chinese presence in
the Indian Ocean has added greater urgency to this imperative.
Issues with the Project:
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The project entails the deforestation of 130 sq km,
and felling 10 lakh trees, threatens biodiversity at Galathea Bay, displaces
indigenous tribes, lacks thorough impact assessments, and poses seismic risks
to vulnerable communities.
Go back to basics:
Great Nicobar Island:
1. Geography and
Ecology:
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Southernmost tip of India, part of the Andaman and
Nicobar archipelago comprising 600-odd islands.
2. Environment:
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Hilly, covered with lush rainforests, annual
rainfall of around 3,500 mm.
3. Biodiversity:
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Hosts numerous endangered
and endemic species including the giant leatherback turtle, Nicobar
megapode, Great Nicobar crake, Nicobar crab-eating macaque, and Nicobar tree
shrew.
4. Area - 910 sq km with mangroves and Pandan forests along the coast.
5. Indigenous
Communities:
a. Shompen Tribe:
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Approximately 250 people live in interior forests, predominantly
hunter-gatherers, classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group.
b. Nicobarese Community:
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Two groups - Great Nicobarese and Little Nicobarese, practice
farming and fishing.
6. Resettlement:
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The Great Nicobarese were resettled in Campbell Bay
after the 2004 tsunami.
7. Administrative Hub:
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Campbell Bay serves as the administrative hub,
housing local offices of the Andaman and Nicobar administration and the
panchayat.
Go back to basics:
Nicobar Triangle:
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It is named after the Nicobar Islands, which are
located at the northern apex of this triangular area.
The islands within the Nicobar Triangle include:
1. Nicobar Islands:
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This group of islands belongs to India and is
situated to the south of the Andaman Islands.
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They are known for their diverse flora and fauna
and are inhabited by indigenous tribes.
2. Andaman Islands:
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Located to the north of the Nicobar Islands, the
Andaman Islands are also part of India.
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They are well-known for their lush forests, coral
reefs, and indigenous tribes.
3. Indonesian
Archipelago:
● To the south and southeast of the Nicobar Islands lies the Indonesian archipelago, which includes thousands of islands spanning a vast area between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.