AMOEBIC BRAIN INFECTION: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

NEWS: Kerala issues guidelines to manage amoebic brain infection

WHAT’S IN THE NEWS?

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

Cause

  • Pathogen: Naegleria fowleri (brain-eating amoeba).
  • Environment: Found in freshwater, lakes, rivers (not seawater).
  • Entry Point: Nasal channels, leading to brain tissue destruction.

Occurrence

  • Seasonality: More common during warmer months.
  • Exposure: History of swimming, diving, bathing, or playing in warm, stagnant freshwater 1-9 days prior.

Symptoms

  • Early Signs: Headache, fever, nausea, vomiting.

Mortality

  • Rate: Greater than 97% mortality rate.

 Treatment

  • Approach: Optimal treatment uncertain.
  • Drugs: Should include an amebicidal drug(s) with good in vitro activity and blood-brain barrier penetration.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-issues-technical-guidelines-for-diagnosis-management-of-amoebic-meningoencephalitis/article68428939.ece