TORTOISES
AND FRESHWATER TURTLES - ENVIRONMENT 
News:
Chennai top node in
tortoise trafficking network, says study
What's
in the news?
●      
Recently, a new study found that Chennai is the highest-ranked node in the
tortoise and hard-shell turtle trafficking network, fuelling the global pet
trade.
Key
takeaways: 
●      
Mumbai,
Kolkata, Bengaluru, Anantapur in Andhra Pradesh, Agra and North 24 Parganas and
Howrah in West Bengal also rank high.
●      
The study found that the trafficking of soft-shell turtles for meat
was predominantly domestic in nature, with the international trafficking of the reptile from or to India almost restricted to Bangladesh.
●      
Asian
turtle crisis” is a term often used to describe the
current state of tortoises and freshwater turtles (TFTs).
Tortoises
and freshwater turtles (TFTs): 
Tortoise:
●      
Mostly found in central and southern parts
of India, west Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
●      
It is found in dry and open habitats such as dry forests, open grasslands etc.
Freshwater
turtle: 
●      
It is native to India, Bangladesh and Nepal.
●      
It is widespread in both Ganga and Brahmaputra.
●      
National
chambal river gharial sanctuary is the only area with
substantial population.
          
Challenges:
●      
Habitat destruction
●      
Illegal harvesting 
●      
Illegal trade for food, pets etc.
Conservation:
Tortoise:
●      
IUCN
status: Vulnerable
●      
WPA 1972: Schedule IV
Freshwater
turtle: 
●      
It was included into the appendix I of the CITES list.
●      
IUCN:
Critically endangered 
●      
WPA
1972:
Schedule I