SHANGHAI
COOPERATION ORGANISATION (SCO) SUMMIT: INTERNATIONAL RELATION
NEWS: External Affairs Mini7ster S.
Jaishankar represented India at the SCO Summit in Astana, Kazakhstan.
WHAT’S
IN THE NEWS?
Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit
About the
SCO:
 - New Member:
     Belarus joined as the 10th member state.
 
 - History:
     Belarus became a dialogue partner in 2010 and an observer state in 2015.
 
 - Foundation:
     Established in 2001 with six members.
 
 - Objective:
     Enhance regional cooperation to curb terrorism, separatism, and extremism
     in Central Asia.
 
 - Members:
     China, Russia, India, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
     Uzbekistan, Iran.
 
 - Secretariat:
     Beijing.
 
 - Languages:
     Russian and Chinese.
 
 - Observer States:
     Afghanistan and Mongolia.
 
 - UN Observer:
     Since 2005.
 
Significance
of SCO:
 - Security Focus:
     Addresses security issues in Asia, combating terrorism, separatism, and
     extremism.
 
 - Regional Influence:
     Acts as a counterbalance to Western-dominated international organizations.
 
 - Expanding Membership:
     Belarus's inclusion enhances international status and influence.
 
 - Strategic Counterbalance: Along with BRICS, offers an alternative to US and
     Western influence.
 
Relevance
for India:
 - Central Asia Cooperation: Strengthens ties with Central Asian countries.
 
 - Security Collaboration: Utilizes Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) for
     counterterrorism.
 
 - Multilateral Engagement: Enhances India's role in regional and global
     diplomacy.
 
Concerns:
 - Strained Relationships: Difficulties in managing ties, especially with China
     and Pakistan.
 
 - BRI Opposition:
     India opposed supporting BRI due to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
     (CPEC) through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
 
 Way
Ahead:
 - Engagement:
     Increased interaction with observer states, dialogue partners, and
     organizations like the UN.
 
 - Economic Cooperation:
     Promote local currency settlements, cooperation on digital currencies, and
     establish an SCO development bank for regional growth.
 
Source: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/everyday-explainers/what-is-shanghai-cooperation-organisation-9432151/