HAVANA
SYNDROME – SCI & TECH 
News:
Centre to look into
‘Havana Syndrome’: What it means and the term’s history
What's
in the news?
●       Recently,
the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has said that dealing with the
issue of Havana Syndrome is a top priority and that it will keep investigating
the cause and how to protect staff.
Havana
Syndrome:
●       Havana
Syndrome refers to a set of mental
health symptoms that are said to be experienced by US intelligence and
embassy officials in various countries.
●       It
typically involves symptoms such as
○       Hearing
certain sounds without any outside noise being present.
○       Nausea,
vertigo and headaches, memory loss and issues with balance.
Causes:
●       No
one is entirely sure. Initially, it was speculated to be a sonic attack done by
Cuban intelligence agencies.
●       Later,
the National Academy of Sciences noted in its report that the best explanation
for the syndrome would be pulsed,
directed microwaves.
●       Microwaves
are a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of
visible light but shorter than those of radio waves. 
●       They
fall within the electromagnetic spectrum
between radio waves and infrared radiation.
●       Microwaves
have frequencies ranging from about 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz).
What
are ‘Microwave Weapons’?
●       Microwave
weapons” are supposed to be a type of direct
energy weapons, which aim for highly focused energy in the form of sonic,
laser, or microwaves, at a target. 
●       These
weapons are based on the principle that microwave radiation of a certain kind
can cause a buzzing sensation in the head, due to a phenomenon known as the
thermoelastic effect. 
●       Such
a weaponized microwave beam may cause a very slight expansion of the brain and
produce a sound-like pressure, which
strictly speaking is not sound but can be traumatic. 
Concerns:
●       Concerns
have been raised on whether they can damage the eyes, or have a carcinogenic
impact in the long term.
●       A
number of countries are thought to have developed these weapons to target both
humans and electronic systems.
●       It
can have both acute and long-term effects - without leaving signs of physical
damage.