AMOEBIC BRAIN INFECTION: SCIENCE
& TECHNOLOGY 
NEWS: Kerala
issues guidelines to manage amoebic brain infection
WHAT’S IN THE NEWS?
Primary Amoebic
Meningoencephalitis (PAM)
Cause
 - Pathogen: Naegleria fowleri (brain-eating
     amoeba).
 
 - Environment: Found in freshwater, lakes,
     rivers (not seawater).
 
 - Entry Point: Nasal channels, leading to brain
     tissue destruction.
 
Occurrence
 - Seasonality: More common during warmer
     months.
 
 - Exposure: History of swimming,
     diving, bathing, or playing in warm, stagnant freshwater 1-9 days prior.
 
Symptoms
 - Early
     Signs:
     Headache, fever, nausea, vomiting.
 
Mortality
 - Rate: Greater than 97% mortality
     rate.
 
 Treatment
 - Approach: Optimal treatment
     uncertain.
 
 - Drugs: Should include an
     amebicidal drug(s) with good in vitro activity and blood-brain barrier
     penetration.
 
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kerala-issues-technical-guidelines-for-diagnosis-management-of-amoebic-meningoencephalitis/article68428939.ece